Journal APS Oct 2017

J ournal of the A merican P omological S ociety

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Sambeek, (eds.) Knowledge for the future of black walnut. U.S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv., North Central Forest Expt. Sta. Dehgan, B., K. Vahdati, R. Rezaee, and D. Hassani. 2010. Walnut Grafting Success as Affected by Different Grafting Methods, Cultivars and Forcing Treatments. Acta Hort. 861:345-352. Ebrahimi, A., K. Vahdati, and E. Fallahi. 2007. Improved success of Persian walnut grafting under environmentally controlled conditions. Intl. J. Fruit Sci. 6:3-12. Erdogan, V. 2006. Use of hot callusing cable in walnut propagation. Acta Hort. 705:313-317. Eriş, A. and E. Barut. 1988. Cevizlerde kontrollü şartlarda yapılan değişik aşı uygulamaları üzerine bir araştırma. Bahçe. 17:12-16. Erturk, U. 2013. Effect of cultivar on successful grafting and development of nursery trees of potted walnut. Acta Hort. 981:443-447. FAOSTAT. 2016. World Walnut Production. 09 September 2016. Gandev, S. 2007. Budding and grafting of the walnut ( Juglans regia L.) and their effectiveness in Bulgaria. Bulgarian J. Agr. Sci. 13:683-689. Gandev, S. 2009. Propagation of walnut ( Juglans Regia L.) under controlled temperature by the methods of omega bench grafting, hot callus and epicotyl grafting. Bulgarian J. Agr. Sci. 15:105-108. Karadeniz, T. 2006. Relationship between graft success and climatic conditions in walnut ( Juglans regia ). Indian J. Agr. Sci. 76:430-431. Kuniyuki, A.H. and H.I. Forde. 1985. Propagation, p. 38-45. In: D.E. Ramos (eds.). Walnut orchard management. Div. Agr. and Natural Resources, California, USA. Mir, M. and A. Kumar. 2011. Effect of different methods, time and environmental conditions on grafting in walnut. Intl. J. Farm Sci. 1:17-22.

keep the scion and graft union healthy during graft healing.  In 2013, there was an important negative correlation between mean temperature and graft success (p<0.01). However, if we begin grafting walnuts too early, graft unions can be damaged from possible frosts or they may lose viability during the healing period. On the other hand, if we delay grafting late into the spring, rootstocks initiate growth, which may cause the plants to deplete their carbohydrate supply. Growth stage of rootstocks should be taken into consideration as an indicator to start outdoor grafting for walnut. Grafting should be started as soon as possible after bud burst of rootstocks and it should be completed by the time rootstock shoots reach about 15 cm for outdoor conditions. Also wrapping the scion wood and graft union with parafilm is advised to increase graft success. Acknowledgements  The authors are grateful to the Ondokuz Myıs University BAP Commission (Project number PYO.ZRT.1904.12.009) for funding. Literature Cited Achim, G. and I. Botu. 2001. Results in walnut propagation by using different methods. Acta Hort. 544:503-509. Ahmed, N., S.R. Singh, K.K. Srivastava, P.A. Shagoo, and S. Hayat. 2012. Effect of different environments, grafting methods and times on sprouting, graft success and plant growth of walnut ( Juglans regia ). Indian J. Agr. Sci . 82:1022-1026. Akça, Y. 2005. Ceviz yetiştiriciliği. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Publ. Dept., Ankara. Asghar, A., M. Sajid, K. Rahman, M. İbrahim, and M. Ilyas. 2006. Effect of different methods of grafting and timing on graft take success in walnut. Sarhad J. Agr. 22:387-389. Coggeshall, M.V. and W.F. Beineke. 1997. Black walnut vegetative propagation: the challenge continues. p. 70-77. In: J.W. Van