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search in Mathematics Education , 40 (2), 157 – 186.

Gutstein, E. (2013). I can ’ t survive on $8.25: Using math to investigate minimum wage, CEO pay, and more. In E. Gustein & B. Peterson (Eds.), Rethinking mathematics: Teaching social justice by the numbers (2nd Ed., pp. 75 – 77). Rethinking Schools. Gutstein, E., & Peterson, B. (Eds.) (2013). Re thinking mathematics: Teaching social jus tice by the numbers (2nd Ed.). Rethinking Schools. Ladson - Billings, G. (1995). Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. American Ed ucational Research Journal , 32 (3), 465 – 491. Ladson - Billings, G. (2014). Culturally relevant pedagogy 2.0: A.k.a. the remix. Harvard Educational Review , 84 (1), 74 – 84. Liu, R. (2020). Cultivating cosmopolitans: Cultur ally relevant pedagogy in an age of instru mentalism. Anthropology & Education Quarterly , 51 (1), 90 – 111. https:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12321

practice. Any teacher wishing to embark on such a lesson must remember two things: (1) the purpose of CR teaching is to introduce students to critical ideas that they may not have encountered before, and to wrestle with these ideas from their social standpoint and from their mathematical content, and (2) inquiry - based learning is a messy and a non - linear process. What students glean from the experience is primarily a product of how the teach er has structured and operates the inquiry - oriented environment of their classroom, and what norms and expectations the students have been socialized to agree to. These are non - trivial aspects of CR in quiry teaching, but as I have shown in the present article, they are not reasons to avoid committing oneself to CR teaching. Indeed, the present situa tion in our country necessitates CR teaching in a way that historically has not been seen in recent decades. Now is the time to become a CR teacher. Figure 2: Example group work that shows how some students made connection to slope and writ ing equations.

Alexander S. Moore School of Education

Virginia Tech asm1@vt.edu

References

Averill, R., Anderson, D., Easton, H., Te Maro, P., Smith, D., & Hynds, A. (2009). Culturally responsive teaching of mathematics: Three models from linked studies. Journal for Re

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