Virginia ELDS Birth Five Learning Guidelines

AREA FIVE: COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (CD) CD3. MATHEMATICS CD3.1. Comparing numbers, counting, and recognizing quantities DEVELOPMENTAL INDICATORS

Early Infancy 0-8 months

Later Infancy 6-14 months

Early Toddler 12-24 months · Sings number words in chants or songs (CD3.1c) · Can name and sing/chant some numbers with no sequence (CD3.1d)

Later Toddler 22-36 months

Early Preschool 34-48 months · Names some numbers when they appear in print (CD3.1j) · Continues counting from a running start, as in “What comes after 1, 2, 3, 4…?” (CD3.1k) · Uses own fingers to show a number (CD3.1l) · Instantly recognizes a collection of up to 4 objects (i.e. subitizes) (CD3.1m) · Begins to explore one-to- one correspondence (e.g., setting places at a table), counting up to 10 (CD3.1n) · Counts up to 5 objects in a line (CD3.1o) · Compares sets of objects that range in size from 1-5, as having “more” or “fewer” (CD3.1p)

Later Preschool 44-60 months

· After observing a picture or display with one item, pays longer attention to a picture or display with two or three items (CD3.1a)

· Says, signs, or gestures for “more” to request additional food or items (CD3.1b)

· Notices or points to the presence of numbers (as distinct from letters) in the environment such as in books or on buildings or signs (CD3.1e) · Compares quantities of items and indicates “same” or “more” (CD3.1f) · Begins to match numerals to the correct quantity (amount) (CD3.1g) · Uses number words for counting, though not necessarily in order (CD3.1h) · Imitates an adult who is counting along with actions such as clapping (CD3.1i)

· Counts forward to 20 by memory (CD3.1q) · Counts backwards from 5 (CD3.1r) · Shows accuracy in demonstrating one- to-one correspondence for up to 10 objects (CD3.1s) · Counts up to 10 objects in a line (CD3.1t) · Answers the question “How many?” for up to 10 objects (CD3.1u) · Counts out 10-20 objects in a line from a larger group (CD3.1v) · Instantly recognizes a collection of up to 10 objects (i.e. subitizes) (CD3.1w) · Uses words that mean zero such as “nothing” or “none” (CD3.1x) · Shows a quantity to match a numeral by making marks, drawing items, or placing actual objects (CD3.1y) · Compares sets of objects that range in size from 1-10, as having “more”, “fewer” or “same” (CD3.1z) · Arranges images with 3 or more different quantities of objects in correct order (CD3.1aa)

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VIRGINIA BOARD OF EDUCATION | doe.virginia.gov