APS_Jan2023

6 J ournal of the A merican P omological S ociety Table 4. Comparison of genetic associations and clades determined by R. Frost a (Frost, 2022a) and investigators at KSU b (Pomper et al., 2010). The determination of genetic associations is illustrated in Figure 5. Pivots were selected for their independence and utility with other cultivars. Some of the groups are due to unique ancestors while others (e.g. 3-11) either share an unknown ancestor or a common set of chromosomal subsequences that have been reinforced by breeding programs. Table 4. Comparison of genetic associations and clades determined by R. Frost a (Frost, 2022a) and inves tigators at KSU b (Pomper et al., 2010). The determination of genetic associations is illustrated in Figure 5. Pivots were selected for their independence and utility with other cultivars. Some of the groups are due to unique ancestors while others (e.g. 3-11) either share an unknown ancestor or a common set of chromo somal subsequences that have been reinforced by breeding programs.

Year introduced

In 2022 retail trade

Selected genomic pivots a

Genomic associations a

Primary association a

KSU clade b

Cultivar

Middletown

1915 1985 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1994 1994 1950 1994 1994 1990 1976 1994 1945 1994 1985 1985 1968 1968 1980s 1970 1994 1994 1994 1974 1990 1990 1979 1986 1990 1994 1990 1990 1990

X

A A A A A A A A A

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B B B C C C D D D D E E E

IV

Prolific

R

II

2-49 9-47

untested

III III

Rappahannock Shenandoah Susquehanna

R R R

V II

5-5

IV IV

7-90

Overleese Potomac

R R

ADF ADF ADG AEF

V

III IV

3-21 2-54

II V II

NC-1

R

AF AG

2-10

Sweet Alice

R

X

B B

III

9-58-2

untested untested untested

SAA-Zimmerman-1 SAA-Zimmerman-2

BA

BDF

Taylor Taytwo Wilson

R R

X

C C C D D D E E E F F F G

I

V

I

Sunflower

R

X

V V

1-68

Wabash

R R R

III

8-20

DB

II V

Rebecca's Gold

X

9-58-1

untested untested

Wells-PPF

Mitchell

R R R

X

F F F

V

PA-Golden

untested

Wells

IV

3-11

X

G G

II II

11-13 10-35

GA

numerous numerous

n/a n/a

III

1-23

V

9