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Approaches

ANALYTIC THINKING applies an analytic method to separate a system down into its  constituent parts.  Analytic thinking attempts to explain the behavior of these parts,  and then attempts to aggregate this understanding into an understanding of the  whole SYNTHETIC THINKING  is a way of thinking about and designing a system that  derives the properties and behavior of its parts from the functions required of the  whole. Synthetic thinking provides better understanding of complex systems than  analytical thinking does because the whole has properties that none of its parts  have.  SYSTEM THINKING  considers problems and solutions in terms of how the  interactions of the parts, and the parts with the whole and its environment, create  the properties of the whole. Systems Engineers need to rethink their problem‐ solving approach in general and innovation in particular– this is system thinking.  For further information on systems thinking see The Fifth Discipline by Peter  Senge and various publications from Russell Ackoff. A SYSTEM is a whole that cannot be divided into independent parts without losing  its essential characteristics as a whole.

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