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Why Do Systems Engineering

• Cope with Complexity • Avoid Omissions • Avoid Invalid Assumptions • Manage Change • Design most efficient, economic, and robust solution • Greater design control

Hypothetical  Project

Total Costs 

Method 3 — Top‐Down 

Breakdown

Method 1 —

Method 2 —

Project Phase

Bottom‐Up Cost

Requirements

1 x 8 x

1 x

1 x 4 x 7 x

Design

3 ‐ 4 x

Build

16 x 21 x

13 ‐ 16 x 61 ‐ 78 x

Test

28 x

Operations 29 x 157 ‐ 186 x 1615 x Source:  Error cost escalation through the project life  cycle ‐ NASA Johnson Space Center

It is not hard to know when System Engineering fails, because when  something important goes wrong it usually makes the news fast. ‐ INCOSE

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Why Do Systems Engineering

• Cope with complexity • Avoid omissions • Avoid invalid assumptions • Manage change • Design most efficient, economic, and robust solution • Greater design control

Life‐cycle cost commitment. SOURCE: INCOSE Systems Engineering  Handbook Version 3, June 2006.

It is not hard to know when System Engineering fails, because when  something important goes wrong it usually makes the news fast. ‐ INCOSE

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